Avoid letting your carpet get too wet – the dyes from any underlay or backing materials could leach through. Blot dry with a clean lint free cloth and use a cool hair dryer to dry spot-treated ...Thoroughly vacuum the carpet before shampooing to remove loose dirt and debris. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the appropriate cleaning solution and technique. Avoid over-wetting the carpet to prevent damage and promote faster drying. Rinse the carpet thoroughly to remove all shampoo residue.Bissell 78H63 Deep Clean Pro 4X Deep Cleaning Concentrated Carpet Shampoo, 48 ounces - Silver . Visit the Bissell Store. 4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 37,060 ratings | Search this page . Amazon's Choice highlights highly rated, well-priced products available to ship immediately.Apply carpet stain removers as instructed either blotting away the product or leaving it until you shampoo. Using the Carpet Shampooer. Read the manufacturers instructions carefully. Fill the tank to the required level with water. Add the carpet soap that’s designed to work with your particular machine.1. Materials required. Keep all necessary materials ready with you: 1. Carpet shampoo or carpet cleaner – laundry detergent will do if you don’t have either; 2. Hard-bristle brush; 3. Gloves for safety; 4. Spot cleaners for specific stains if needed; 5. All-purpose cleaner or carpet shampoo for floor mats; 6.Jun 4, 2019 ... It's typically recommended that homeowners shampoo carpets or otherwise have them cleaned professionally every year, if not even more often.Working in a small 3-feet x 3-feet area, spray the vinegar solution onto the carpet until it's very damp. Allow the solution to work for five minutes to begin breaking down the soil. Use microfiber cloths to blot away the solution and the soil. Rinse the cloths frequently in plain water. Allow the carpet to air dry and vacuum again to lift the ...Jan 21, 2019 · Pre-treat Stains. Apply carpet stain removers as instructed either blotting away the product or leaving it until you shampoo. Using the Carpet Shampooer. Read …Use a clean cloth or a sponge and dab it on the problem area to remove the residue from the carpet. Repeat this step until all of the stains have cleared out. Rinse with clean water. Dip the cleaning cloth in water and dampen it just enough to rinse the soapy residue off the carpet. Repeat this step as many times as necessary while taking extra ...The purpose of washing one’s hair with a neutralizing shampoo is to remove all traces of a certain chemicals, bringing the hair back to its normal pH level. Many people are unaware...Jun 27, 2019 · The longer a stain reacts chemically with the carpeting, the harder it is to remove. How to Spot Clean Carpet: Try water first. Eighty percent of stains can be removed using plain tap water. To remove a stain, press a clean, dry, white cloth over the stain to absorb the spill. Repeat until the spill is absorbed. Shampoo. The price to shampoo your carpet ranges between $100 to $300, depending on its dirt severity, overall size, and any accessibility concerns. This cost also varies depending on the type of cleaner used, as extra-strength products and environmentally-friendly cleaners increase the cost by 10 to 15 percent. ...Sometimes, removing the shampoo from the carpet surface will be difficult if there are too many spills on it. To make it easier, you can use a spoon to remove the shampoo from the carpet and prevent it from spreading around other areas. Spray bottle. Trying to remove the remaining shampoo on the carpet will become easier when you use a spray ...2. Pull the handle’s trigger while moving the cleaner forward and back. Pull the trigger to spray water onto the carpet. While holding the trigger, push the cleaner forward, then pull it back. Focus on cleaning small areas at a time by moving the cleaner forward as far as you can reach without walking.Oct 2, 2023 · Sprinkle on the powder (once the carpet is dry) Once the carpet is dry following any stain treatments, take the power of your choice – either powdered carpet cleaner or baking soda (bicarbonate of soda). Sprinkle it liberally over the carpet. Quick tip: Sodium bicarbonate or baking soda contains whitening properties. [1] 1. Materials required. Keep all necessary materials ready with you: 1. Carpet shampoo or carpet cleaner – laundry detergent will do if you don’t have either; 2. Hard-bristle brush; 3. Gloves for safety; 4. Spot cleaners for specific stains if needed; 5. All-purpose cleaner or carpet shampoo for floor mats; 6.How to install the Multi-Surface Shampoo System: Use the MSSS for shampooing your carpets and cleaning your hard surface floors. First, remove the Power Nozzle, then remove the outer bag. Lift and remove the waste tray from the MSSS and set aside for now. The carpet brush roll must be used when shampooing carpet.Aug 27, 2023 ... The best liquid to clean a carpet with is water, with a little added carpet shampoo or detergent if needed. There is often no need for anything ...February 28, 2024 by Daleyza Velozo. Does your carpet look filthy even after vacuuming? That means it’s high time to deep clean it with a carpet shampooer. But “How To Use …Scrub with a bristle brush. Blot up as much liquid as you can. Add a generous amount of baking soda over the strain. Spray the baking soda with the solution. Leave on the stain for 24 hours. Vacuum up the baking soda. Repeat as necessary. How to Get Pee Smell Out of a Mattress in Super Simple Steps.Step 3: Fill the Water Reservoir and Soap Dispenser. On top of the AquaMate attachment, you'll find the plastic water reservoir and soap dispenser. Flip it over and unscrew the lids on each section. Fill the larger compartment with water. In the smaller compartment, add a capful of Rainbow carpet shampoo, then fill it the rest of the way with ... Directions: Before beginning, thoroughly pre-vacuum the carpet to remove as much dry soil and debris as possible. Dilute Matrix® Champion Rotary Shampoo at 8 oz per gallon of water into the shower feed tank on a rotary shampoo brush machine. Establish an area of about 4ft x 4ft to focus on. Formula tank. Look for the formula tank; it should be on the back of the Bissell Proheat 2X. Fill the formula tank up (there is a fill line) and then add in the carpet cleaning formula. Fill the latter up to the formula line and then put the lid back on the tank and the tank back onto the carpet cleaner. Pick your setting.1. Materials required. Keep all necessary materials ready with you: 1. Carpet shampoo or carpet cleaner – laundry detergent will do if you don’t have either; 2. Hard-bristle brush; 3. Gloves for safety; 4. Spot cleaners for specific stains if needed; 5. All-purpose cleaner or carpet shampoo for floor mats; 6.Stain Remover. Make your own vinegar-based stain remover and spot cleaner by mixing one part vinegar with two parts lukewarm water in a spray bottle. Spritz the affected area with the solution, allow it to sit for several minutes, then blot the spot with a clean, white, lint-free rag. For a more stubborn stain, pour the liquid onto a white rag ...Our Carpet & Rug Shampoo uses powerful plant-derived cleaning agents to breakup stains and eliminate odors, leaving your carpets looking clean and smelling ...5 days ago ... Revitalize your carpets with our powerful carpet shampoo. Designed to tackle even the toughest stains and dirt, this fast-acting formula ...Shampooing the carpet with a Kirby shampoo system is less expensive than replacing the entire carpet, making it a cost-effective option for cleaning and maintaining the carpet. How often you should shampoo your carpet with a Kirby will depend on several factors, including the type of carpet you have, the level of foot traffic it receives, and ...Follow The Steps. 1. Test: If this is your first time using baking soda on the carpet, then test the process on a small area of the carpet. 2. Sprinkle: Sprinkle a generous amount of baking soda on the stained area on the carpet. 3. Moisten: Damp the paper towel or the cloth and place it over the sprinkled baking soda.4. Combine hydrogen peroxide with water for a stronger cleaner. Pour 0.5 cups (120 ml) of hydrogen peroxide into 2 cups (470 ml) of cool water. Mix these two ingredients together and spray the mixture onto the stain so the carpet is saturated. Use a clean cloth to blot the mixture up to remove the urine stain. [10]Mix your Pro+ Carpet Shampoo with some warm water. Use 30-50ml of shampoo for every 1L of water in your solution. Step 2. You don't need a carpet shampooer to wash your carpets Spray or brush your whole carpet with the shampoo solution, making sure to work from the centre of the room outwards. Step 3. Wipe away …Use a clean cloth or a sponge and dab it on the problem area to remove the residue from the carpet. Repeat this step until all of the stains have cleared out. Rinse with clean water. Dip the cleaning cloth in water and dampen it just enough to rinse the soapy residue off the carpet. Repeat this step as many times as necessary while taking extra ...Mix the Castile soap and warm water inside a small bucket, dip a rag into the solution and wring out the excess liquid. Gently scrub the carpet with the cloth. Use a second clean towel to soak up the excess water. Mix one quart of warm water with ¼ teaspoon vinegar and one tablespoon liquid dish soap.Before heading off to work, you like to wake up early and take a quick jog around the block to wake yourself up. But this morning, you’ve overslept. You try to figure out if you ca...Sprinkle on the powder (once the carpet is dry) Once the carpet is dry following any stain treatments, take the power of your choice – either powdered carpet cleaner or baking soda (bicarbonate of soda). Sprinkle it liberally over the carpet. Quick tip: Sodium bicarbonate or baking soda contains whitening properties. [1]Top 5 Carpet Shampoos. Best Overall: Bissell Pro Max Clean + Protect. Best Value: OxiClean for Large Areas. Best for Pet Owners: Hoover Pet 2x Concentrate. Best Enzymatic Formula: Rug Doctor Pet. Most Eco-Friendly: Sunny & Honey Carpet Miracle. In a bowl or small bucket, mix one part white vinegar with three parts water. Dip the bristles of the scrub brush into the solution and rub them into the carpet. Massage them into the fibers well (without fully saturating the carpet) and follow up with a cloth to help blot excess moisture. Gettyimages/wakila. Mix the carpet shampoo in a bucket with water. You can use a store-bought carpet cleaning solution or a homemade mixture of water and white vinegar. Dip a scrub brush or white cloth into the cleaning solution and scrub the stairs, starting at the top and working your way to the bottom.Mix your Pro+ Carpet Shampoo with some warm water. Use 30-50ml of shampoo for every 1L of water in your solution. Step 2. You don't need a carpet shampooer to wash your carpets Spray or brush your whole carpet with the shampoo solution, making sure to work from the centre of the room outwards. Step 3. Wipe away … Yes, you can spray vinegar on your carpet to remove stains. You can mix vinegar with equal parts of water, spray it gently on the carpet and then blot it out. Another method, known as deodorizing, involves mixing a small quantity of vinegar and baking soda in water and then spraying it on the carpet. Shampooing your carpet is essential to keeping it looking and smelling great. The steps for shampooing your carpet are relatively simple, but following them carefully is important to ensure the best results. First, vacuum the carpet thoroughly with a powerhead vacuum cleaner to remove dirt and debris. Then, pre-treat any stains or spots with a ...Stain Remover. Make your own vinegar-based stain remover and spot cleaner by mixing one part vinegar with two parts lukewarm water in a spray bottle. Spritz the affected area with the solution, allow it to sit for several minutes, then blot the spot with a clean, white, lint-free rag. For a more stubborn stain, pour the liquid onto a white rag ...Your best friend to tackle ground-in dirt for larger areas of carpet · Ideal for larger areas of carpet · Attacks ground-in dirt · Formula works deep down into...Mar 9, 2024 · Top 5 Carpet Shampoos. Best Overall: Bissell Pro Max Clean + Protect. Best Value: OxiClean for Large Areas. Best for Pet Owners: Hoover Pet 2x Concentrate. Best Enzymatic Formula: Rug Doctor Pet. Most Eco-Friendly: Sunny & Honey Carpet Miracle. Stain Remover. Make your own vinegar-based stain remover and spot cleaner by mixing one part vinegar with two parts lukewarm water in a spray bottle. Spritz the affected area with the solution, allow it to sit for several minutes, then blot the spot with a clean, white, lint-free rag. For a more stubborn stain, pour the liquid onto a white rag ...Using a sponge or brush, scrub the shampoo or detergent deep into the rug until you’re seeing suds. Allow the solution to sit on the rug and work for several minutes before rinsing. 4. Hose off ...Thoroughly vacuum the carpet before shampooing to remove loose dirt and debris. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the appropriate cleaning solution and technique. Avoid over-wetting the carpet to prevent damage and promote faster drying. Rinse the carpet thoroughly to remove all shampoo residue.Carpet shampooer is a machine that sprays a special solution onto your carpet to loosen dirt, dust, and stains before vacuuming it up. The shampoo also helps remove odors from the carpet fibers. Carpet shampooers are often used in commercial settings where quick and efficient cleaning is needed.Jun 27, 2019 · The longer a stain reacts chemically with the carpeting, the harder it is to remove. How to Spot Clean Carpet: Try water first. Eighty percent of stains can be removed using plain tap water. To remove a stain, press a clean, dry, white cloth over the stain to absorb the spill. Repeat until the spill is absorbed. Scrub with a bristle brush. Blot up as much liquid as you can. Add a generous amount of baking soda over the strain. Spray the baking soda with the solution. Leave on the stain for 24 hours. Vacuum up the baking soda. Repeat as necessary. How to Get Pee Smell Out of a Mattress in Super Simple Steps.By Vogue. March 12, 2024. Photo: Getty Images. Last night, the 96th annual Academy Awards capped off awards season at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles and the 2024 …Apr 25, 2019 ... Whether its a big party, big leak or a big life that has your carpets looking wet and messy, don't sweat it, a few passes with a carpet ...Feb 19, 2024 · Step 1: Vacuum Your Carpet. Step 2: Add Cleaning Solution To Carpet Cleaner. Step 3: Clean Your Carpets. Step 4: Empty The Dirty, Disgusting, Messy Water. Step 5: Let Your Carpet Dry. Are there any … Using hot water and a small amount of the cleaner you have selected, begin cleaning the carpet using the steam cleaner, moving from front to back slowly. The machine is made to push out water as you move forward and pull it back up as you move backward, so be sure to allow the machine to pull up as much water as possible to avoid mold and mildew. You can scrub and scour your carpets to a deep clean by hand using a scrub brush, or you can rely on your shampooer to do the heavy lifting. Start with a general cleaning solution made of vinegar, club soda, and a slight amount of dishwashing soap. Apply the solution to the carpet using a spray bottle and scrub and blot it away, or scrub …Mar 12, 2018 · Step 2: Pretreat to Loosen Stains. Like how you would pre-treat laundry, you also need to pre-treat your carpet. This extra step works to start loosening up stains. Make our formula work for you! Before you get out your carpet cleaner, use a stain removing spray formula on the stains. Give it time to work its magic while you are getting the ... Pretty Pooch Carpet Shampoo · Specially formulated carpet shampoo for dog owners · Lavender fragrance · Tackles lingering odours caused by dog fur, saliva, and...Avoid letting your carpet get too wet – the dyes from any underlay or backing materials could leach through. Blot dry with a clean lint free cloth and use a cool hair dryer to dry spot-treated ...When it comes to maintaining healthy and clean hair, using a routine shampoo is essential. But with so many options available in the market, it can be overwhelming to find the best...Hoover Paws & Claws Deep Cleaning Carpet Shampoo with Stainguard is a specially formulated carpet cleaning solution designed to tackle pet stains and odors effectively. It contains Stainguard technology to protect your carpets from future stains, and enzymatic cleaning ingredients that break down pet messes and odors.Liquid carpet shampoo (the traditional kind of carpet shampoo). Liquid detergents work best when you combine them with a powerful carpet extractor or hot water extractor. Steam cleaners may be used as well, although these typically lack a suctioning part, which means they can do half the job. Traditional shampoos tend to be low …Before shampooing your carpet, it’s essential to pretreat any tough stains to ensure optimal cleaning results. One popular option for pretreating carpet stains is OxiClean™ Carpet & Area Rug Stain Remover. This powerful stain remover is specially designed to tackle stubborn stains and lift them from your carpet fibers.Another great way to get rid of carpet odors is hydrogen peroxide. It helps neutralize mildew and mold spores, as well as their musty smell. Start by mixing five parts water with one part hydrogen peroxide. Put the mixture in a spray bottle, and give it a quick shake. Next, flip over the carpet and spray.Stain Remover. Make your own vinegar-based stain remover and spot cleaner by mixing one part vinegar with two parts lukewarm water in a spray bottle. Spritz the affected area with the solution, allow it to sit for several minutes, then blot the spot with a clean, white, lint-free rag. For a more stubborn stain, pour the liquid onto a white rag ...Carpet Cleaning : Carpet Shampoo, Learn in full details how to make Carpet ShampooLearn How to Make the Toilet Cleaner : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPTD...Aug 27, 2023 ... The best liquid to clean a carpet with is water, with a little added carpet shampoo or detergent if needed. There is often no need for anything ...Oct 1, 2023 · Use a dry-cleaning powder to clean a jute carpet. Sprinkle the dry-cleaning powder onto the carpet, and use a stiff bristle brush to clean the jute fibers. Shake out the rug or vacuum as needed. A dry-cleaning kit may be available at carpet stores or online that contains the dry-cleaning powder, a spot remover, and a brush. Examples of different types of shampoos include clarifying shampoo, volumizing shampoo, and those made for oily, dry, curly or straight hair. All types of shampoo contain a conditi... Yes, you can spray vinegar on your carpet to remove stains. You can mix vinegar with equal parts of water, spray it gently on the carpet and then blot it out. Another method, known as deodorizing, involves mixing a small quantity of vinegar and baking soda in water and then spraying it on the carpet. The best carpet shampoo to buy in 2024. 1. Rug Doctor Carpet Detergent: Best carpet shampoo you can buy. Price when reviewed: £17 | Check price at Amazon Unlike the majority of carpet cleaners on ...Mix your Pro+ Carpet Shampoo with some warm water. Use 30-50ml of shampoo for every 1L of water in your solution. Step 2. You don't need a carpet shampooer to wash your carpets Spray or brush your whole carpet with the shampoo solution, making sure to work from the centre of the room outwards. Step 3. Wipe away …Apply the Shampoo Solution: Dip a clean sponge or a soft-bristled brush into the shampoo solution. Start at the top of the stairs and work your way down, applying the solution to the carpet. Use gentle, even strokes and ensure that the carpet fibers are well-saturated with the shampoo mixture.To make a carpet stain cleaning solution, add 1/2 tsp. liquid dish soap to 32 oz. water. For tougher stains like chocolate, blood, coffee and wine, add 1/4 cup ammonia or white vinegar to the solution. When using a steam cleaning carpet machine, liquid dish soap solutions are not appropriate. For a homemade steam cleaning solution, fill the ...May 2, 2023 ... Don't Rush. This is not a job that can be hurried. Move the machine slowly through your pattern. This gives plenty of time for enough water and ...Formula tank. Look for the formula tank; it should be on the back of the Bissell Proheat 2X. Fill the formula tank up (there is a fill line) and then add in the carpet cleaning formula. Fill the latter up to the formula line and then put the lid back on the tank and the tank back onto the carpet cleaner. Pick your setting.4. Skip the carpet shampoo. Hot water can get most grime out of your carpet alone; just make sure you’re filling your machine with really hot water. 5. If you have especially soiled carpeting, you can add 1 cup of white vinegar to 2.5 gallons of water for very deep cleaning. 6. Most machines have 2 modes. First, you depress a button and ...Carpet Shampoo ... For the cleaning of carpet and upholstery. Concentrated neutral pH carpet shampoo for all types of carpet and upholstery. ... Properties RXSOL-15 ...Aug 14, 2022 · 1. Agitate the carpet. Sweep the carpet with a carpet brush, or use a broom and dustpan. This will agitate the dirt and debris buried deep in the carpet and bring it to the surface. [1] 2. Vacuum the carpet. Now that you’ve brushed all the hidden soil to the top of the carpet, it will be easier to sweep up. Shampooing your carpet is essential to keeping it looking and smelling great. The steps for shampooing your carpet are relatively simple, but following them carefully is important to ensure the best results. First, vacuum the carpet thoroughly with a powerhead vacuum cleaner to remove dirt and debris. Then, pre-treat any stains or spots with a ...Kirby Foam Shampoo at Amazon: https://geni.us/9oOtVytOur Favorite Robot Vacuums- Premium (Amazon): https://geni.us/fOXxcKU- Mid-Level (Amazon): https://gen...A carpet shampooer isn’t the same as a vacuum cleaner – it’s not made to be pulled back and forth. The best way to clean your carpet and make the most out of your shampooer is to start in a corner (as close to the wall as possible) and work your way up and down the room in straight lines. To ensure the entire floor area is covered, be ...Hoover Paws & Claws Deep Cleaning Carpet Shampoo with Stainguard is a specially formulated carpet cleaning solution designed to tackle pet stains and odors effectively. It contains Stainguard technology to protect your carpets from future stains, and enzymatic cleaning ingredients that break down pet messes and odors.Feb 10, 2024 · Go in one direction and then at a 90-degree angle to help lift the soil. Use old towels or rags to wipe away the loosened soil. It is fine to leave a bit of baking soda in the fibers. Allow the carpet to air-dry completely. Use a vacuum to remove any remaining baking soda left in the fibers. Rinse-Free Carpet Shampoo: Some modern carpet shampoos are designed to be low-moisture and quick-drying. They are often labeled as “no-rinse” or “rinse-free” shampoos. These shampoos have special cleaning agents that do not leave behind any soapy residue, eliminating the need for rinsing. They are convenient and time-saving, …
When you need to do some targeted cleaning on a pet-related stain, we recommend Carpet Miracle Carpet Cleaner & Deodorizer as the best carpet shampoo for pet stains. Like our best overall pick, it has an enzymatic formula that breaks down and removes stains, while serving as a deodorizer too.. Chicken breast fillet
Everyone wants clean, healthy-looking hair. With so many names of shampoo brands available, it’s confusing to know which will work best for your hair type. This article will highli...Super carpet shampoo cleans carpets and upholstery with professional results. Suitable for use with hot or cold water extraction systems on colourfast ...We tested the best full-size and portable carpet cleaners and shampooers from Bissell, Hoover, Rug Doctor and more to find which clean and tackle stains best. Search. Subscribe;May 19, 2023 · 4. Skip the carpet shampoo. Hot water can get most grime out of your carpet alone; just make sure you’re filling your machine with really hot water. 5. If you have especially soiled carpeting, you can add 1 cup of white vinegar to 2.5 gallons of water for very deep cleaning. 6. Most machines have 2 modes. First, you depress a button and ... Jul 22, 2023 · 2. Pull the handle’s trigger while moving the cleaner forward and back. Pull the trigger to spray water onto the carpet. While holding the trigger, push the cleaner forward, then pull it back. Focus on cleaning small areas at a time by moving the cleaner forward as far as you can reach without walking. Are you experiencing hair loss or thinning hair? If so, you’re not alone. Many people struggle with this issue and are searching for effective solutions. One popular option is usin...Shampooing car carpets is hard enough as it is, but without big exp... How to shampoo car carpets without a machine is a question that I get asked all the time! Shampooing car carpets is hard ...Allow the carpet to dry. Blot the carpet with paper towels or cloth rags if it feels excessively damp. Pro tip: For older, tougher stains, mix equal parts liquid dish soap, vinegar and club soda into a spray bottle. Spray the solution onto the stain and let it sit for up to 10 minutes before scrubbing. Veronica Graham for Family Handman.First, vacuum your carpet thoroughly. If it’s an area rug, don’t forget about vacuuming underneath! Mix 1 part 1001 Shampoo with 6 parts water. Use a clean, colour-fast cloth to apply the solution to the stain, being careful not to over-wet. Once the carpet stains are gone and the carpet is dry, give it another vacuum.Step 2: Create the solution. You’ll have to read the steam cleaners instructions in the manual. Some steam cleaners recommend diluting the cleaning solution (white vinegar in our case) with water. Some others ask you to pour the solution on the tank directly. Just do what the manual says and you should be alright!2. Scrub the edges with a long, thin cleaning brush to dislodge the debris. Use a carpet edge cleaning brush, toothbrush, or grout cleaning brush to scrub the edges of the carpet. Work the brush into the carpet and scrub along the skirting boards. This will loosen dust and dirt that are lodged in the carpet.Aug 15, 2023 · Materials. Distilled white vinegar. Baking soda. Before You Begin. Remove all your furniture from the carpet and give it a thorough vacuum. Pretreat stains with a …May 19, 2017 · This video will show you how to clean your carpets with a shampoo machine. It is very easy to do and will make your carpets look like new. It's a great way t... Dilute 20 ml (approx. 2 teaspoons) in 1 litre of water. (1% Solution) to make a cleaner solution. Wet the sofa/upholstery fabric cover or carpet with solution.Aug 14, 2023 ... How to Make Carpet Shampoo? · 2 tablespoons of liquid Castile soap · 1 gallon of warm water · 10 drops of your favorite essential oil ·...Jul 22, 2023 · 2. Pull the handle’s trigger while moving the cleaner forward and back. Pull the trigger to spray water onto the carpet. While holding the trigger, push the cleaner forward, then pull it back. Focus on cleaning small areas at a time by moving the cleaner forward as far as you can reach without walking. .